AIX - Fix Maintenance
In this fix update we can do following things
1. Fix installation
2. To verify the installed fix
3. To list the fixes from the CD
1. Fix Installation
Fix is a just like patch, if any issues on server, we should install or update that fix level then only problem will solved,
Problems like, slow performance, particular application is not working properly. This case of problems we should update the fix.
Suppose we want to install fix, Using
#instfix –k Fixname –d device
#instfix – k IK00891 –d /dev/cd0
-k - Keyword to mention the fix name
-d - Device to mention device name
The above command is used to install the given fix IK00891 from cdrom drive.
2. To verify the installed fix
Suppose we want to verify installed fix,
Using #instfix –ki fixname
#instfix –ki IK00891
Option –i for information
The above command is used to display the given fix details. If fix is not available some error message will come.
3. To list the fix from the CD
Suppose we have fix update CD, we want to install particular two fix in server, this first we should find that 2 fixes are available in CD or not available.
Using
#instfix –T fixname –d /dev/cd0
#instfix –T IK00891 –d /dev/cd0
T - Displays the entire list of fixes present on the media.
If fix is available in CD, then it will display the given fix name otherwise it wont display anything or some error message will come.
NOTE:
Whenever we installing the fileset or fix, in that current path should have the .toc (table of content) file. If this files not available we cannot install any fileset or fix from that current path
If file is not available, we can create the .toc file using command
#inutoc .
The above command is used to create the .toc file
Sunday, April 19, 2009
AIX - Software Maintenance
AIX - Software Maintenance
In this software Installation we can do following things
1. Fileset installation
2. Applying the Fileset
3. Reject the Installed Fileset
4. Commit the applied Fileset
5. Remove the Committed Fileset
6. Verify the Installed Fileset ( whether properly installed or not)
7. Clear the braked Fileset installation
8. List the Installed Fileset
9. List the Installed Fileset contents ( What are the files available in File Set)
10. To finding the file, Extracted from which Fileset.
11. To find the command file path
12. To view the fileset history
1. Fileset Installation
The Filesets has additional support files for AIX. Suppose we need additional files, we can install it from Base operating system (bos) CD, Bonus software CD, Expansion Software CD, LPP’s (Licensed program product) CD.
NOTE:
If we want to check the AIX Server performance, we need topas command, this topas command is not by default come under AIX OS installation, So that topas file we have to install from some other CD’s.
First we should mount the CDROM drive in server.
When we mount the CDROM, we required mount point like one directory.
So we should create the directory. Eg. /cdmnt (Directory name will be whatever may be)
#mkdir mount point
#mkdir cdmnt
Then u can mount the CDROM drive in cdmnt directory
#mount –v cdrfs –o ro /dev/cd0 /mount point
#mount –v cdrfs –o ro /dev/cd0 /cdmnt
Verify the Cdrom drive mount process.
#mount
The above command will show the cdrom drive mount point i.e. /cdmnt and cdrfs file system.
Then u go to /cdmnt folder
#cd cdmnt
#pwd
cdmnt
#
Now topas file will be under bos.permaget.tool file set. Now we should find the file set in software cd.
To find the file set using command #installp –Ld /dev/cd0 | grep bos.perf*
If the above bos.permaget.tool file set is available in cd, it will show otherwise it won’t show.
If file set is found then we have to install the fileset.
To install the file set using #installp –agxpd /dev/cd0 file set (for preview installation)
i.e. #installp –agxd /dev/cd0 bos.permaget.tool (for installation)
see difference
Options –agxpd for preview
-agxd for installation
When we type the above command, fileset installation will start and topas file extracted from the fileset and it will store to /usr/sbin/topas (super user or administrator commands stored in /usr/sbin)
After that we can use topas performance monitor utility.
#topas
The above command will display the system performance status, like cpu usage, memory usage, io usage (hdisk’s) network usage, paging space usage .
2. Applying Fileset (It is not permanent installation)
This applying Fileset is just file set installation, i.e. When we updating the old fileset to new fileset, by default installation has done in apply state and old fileset configuration is moved to /usr/lpp/package(fileset) path, After commit the fileset this /usr/lpp/package(fileset) will updated . Because if any problems in updated fileset, we can easily reject(remove) the updated fileset, If updated fileset is working properly we can commit the updated fileset, i.e. permanent installation, this case we cannot reject the fileset, but we can uninstall the fileset.
NOTE:
Suppose we are installing fileset for the first time, this first time installation done in commit state, and When we updating the fileset, installation has done in apply state, suppose that updated fileset giving some problem, we can easily reject the updated fileset.
For fileset installation using command installp
Suppose u want to install one fileset bos.rte
Preview (It will show the installation preview – This preview is not required our testing purpose we are using)
#installp –agxpd /dev/cd0 fileset name
#installp –agxpd /dev/cd0 bos.rte (for preview)
Flags:
a - Apply
g – Perquisites (supporting file)
x – Expand the space
p – Preview
d – Specify the device
After preview we can install the Fileset
#installp –agxd /dev/cd0 bos.rte
After Installation, old installed fileset configuration is moved to /usr//lpp/package (fileset), and updated fileset also available in /usr/lpp/package.
3. Reject the Applied Fileset.
After updating the fileset that installed fileset is moved to applied state, suppose that updated filesets are not working properly then we have to remove the updated fileset and pervious filesets are to be configuring to current working condition.
Now we will reject the updated fileset using
#installp –rgp fileset name (For preview)
#installp –rg fileset name
#installp –rg bos.rte.command
The above command is used to remove the updated fileset and automatically previous fileset is moved to working condition.
4. Commit the Applied fileset (It is permanent installation)
After updating the fileset that installed fileset is moved to applied state, suppose applied filesets are working properly, then we have to commit the updated fileset for permanent installation. Otherwise we will remove the updated fileset using reject option.
Now we will commit the updated fileset using
#installp –cgx fileset name
#installp –cgx bos.rte.command
The above command is used to commit the updated fileset.
5. Remove the Committed fileset (It is complete fileset removal not reject)
After commit the fileset, that fileset is moved to permanent installation, we cannot reject, we have to uninstall the fileset only.
Now we will uninstall the committed fileset using:
#installp –ugp Fileset name
#installp –ugp bos.rte.command (For preview)
#installp –ug bos.rte.command (For un installation)
The above command is used to uninstall the committed fileset.
6. Verify the installed fileset (Whether properly installed or not)
After installation we want to verify whether filesets are properly installed are not, using following command
#lppchk –v fileset name
#lppchk –v bos.rte.command
If any problems it will show the error message otherwise no error message, then we will confirm fileset is installed properly.
7. Clear the braked fileset installation:
While installing the filesets, some problem has occurred, i.e. Cd is not reading or space is not available in volume group.
This time half of the fileset only installed in server, so before next installation, we should remove the half installed fileset using
#Installp –C
To clean the brokend fileset installation
8. List the installed fileset
Suppose we want to see what are the filesets available in Server, Using
#lslpp –l
The above command list the all installed fileset
Suppose you want to find particular fileset in server, Using
#lslpp –l | grep Fileset name
The above command is list the specified fileset only, if file set is not available or not installed, it won’t show anything.
9. List the installed fileset content (What are the files available in fileset)
Suppose we want to see bos.rte.command fileset content, using
#lslpp –f fileset name
#lslpp –f bos.rte.command
The above command is display the bos.rte.command file
Basically bos.rte.command fileset has user commands So it will show the /usr/bin/ls,
10. To find the file, which is installed from which fileset.
Using # lslpp –w /usr/bin/ls
The above command shows the bos.rte.command fileset name, because ls command file is extracted from bos.rte.command fileset
#lslpp –w /usr/sbin/savevg
The above shows some other fileset name.
11. To find the command file path:
Using #which ls
The above command is display the given file path i.e. the above command output will be
/usr/bin/ls
Suppose we want to savevg path, using
#which savevg
/usr/sbin/savevg
12. To view the fileset history:
Using #lslpp –h fileset name
#lslpp –h bos.rte.command
The above command output will be full details of fileset.
Fileset version, installed time, date
NOTE:
Whenever we installing the fileset or fix, in that current path should have the .toc (table of content) file. If this file is not available we cannot install any fileset or fix from that current path
If file is not available, we can create the .toc file using command
#inutoc .
The above command is used to create the .toc file
In this software Installation we can do following things
1. Fileset installation
2. Applying the Fileset
3. Reject the Installed Fileset
4. Commit the applied Fileset
5. Remove the Committed Fileset
6. Verify the Installed Fileset ( whether properly installed or not)
7. Clear the braked Fileset installation
8. List the Installed Fileset
9. List the Installed Fileset contents ( What are the files available in File Set)
10. To finding the file, Extracted from which Fileset.
11. To find the command file path
12. To view the fileset history
1. Fileset Installation
The Filesets has additional support files for AIX. Suppose we need additional files, we can install it from Base operating system (bos) CD, Bonus software CD, Expansion Software CD, LPP’s (Licensed program product) CD.
NOTE:
If we want to check the AIX Server performance, we need topas command, this topas command is not by default come under AIX OS installation, So that topas file we have to install from some other CD’s.
First we should mount the CDROM drive in server.
When we mount the CDROM, we required mount point like one directory.
So we should create the directory. Eg. /cdmnt (Directory name will be whatever may be)
#mkdir mount point
#mkdir cdmnt
Then u can mount the CDROM drive in cdmnt directory
#mount –v cdrfs –o ro /dev/cd0 /mount point
#mount –v cdrfs –o ro /dev/cd0 /cdmnt
Verify the Cdrom drive mount process.
#mount
The above command will show the cdrom drive mount point i.e. /cdmnt and cdrfs file system.
Then u go to /cdmnt folder
#cd cdmnt
#pwd
cdmnt
#
Now topas file will be under bos.permaget.tool file set. Now we should find the file set in software cd.
To find the file set using command #installp –Ld /dev/cd0 | grep bos.perf*
If the above bos.permaget.tool file set is available in cd, it will show otherwise it won’t show.
If file set is found then we have to install the fileset.
To install the file set using #installp –agxpd /dev/cd0 file set (for preview installation)
i.e. #installp –agxd /dev/cd0 bos.permaget.tool (for installation)
see difference
Options –agxpd for preview
-agxd for installation
When we type the above command, fileset installation will start and topas file extracted from the fileset and it will store to /usr/sbin/topas (super user or administrator commands stored in /usr/sbin)
After that we can use topas performance monitor utility.
#topas
The above command will display the system performance status, like cpu usage, memory usage, io usage (hdisk’s) network usage, paging space usage .
2. Applying Fileset (It is not permanent installation)
This applying Fileset is just file set installation, i.e. When we updating the old fileset to new fileset, by default installation has done in apply state and old fileset configuration is moved to /usr/lpp/package(fileset) path, After commit the fileset this /usr/lpp/package(fileset) will updated . Because if any problems in updated fileset, we can easily reject(remove) the updated fileset, If updated fileset is working properly we can commit the updated fileset, i.e. permanent installation, this case we cannot reject the fileset, but we can uninstall the fileset.
NOTE:
Suppose we are installing fileset for the first time, this first time installation done in commit state, and When we updating the fileset, installation has done in apply state, suppose that updated fileset giving some problem, we can easily reject the updated fileset.
For fileset installation using command installp
Suppose u want to install one fileset bos.rte
Preview (It will show the installation preview – This preview is not required our testing purpose we are using)
#installp –agxpd /dev/cd0 fileset name
#installp –agxpd /dev/cd0 bos.rte (for preview)
Flags:
a - Apply
g – Perquisites (supporting file)
x – Expand the space
p – Preview
d – Specify the device
After preview we can install the Fileset
#installp –agxd /dev/cd0 bos.rte
After Installation, old installed fileset configuration is moved to /usr//lpp/package (fileset), and updated fileset also available in /usr/lpp/package.
3. Reject the Applied Fileset.
After updating the fileset that installed fileset is moved to applied state, suppose that updated filesets are not working properly then we have to remove the updated fileset and pervious filesets are to be configuring to current working condition.
Now we will reject the updated fileset using
#installp –rgp fileset name (For preview)
#installp –rg fileset name
#installp –rg bos.rte.command
The above command is used to remove the updated fileset and automatically previous fileset is moved to working condition.
4. Commit the Applied fileset (It is permanent installation)
After updating the fileset that installed fileset is moved to applied state, suppose applied filesets are working properly, then we have to commit the updated fileset for permanent installation. Otherwise we will remove the updated fileset using reject option.
Now we will commit the updated fileset using
#installp –cgx fileset name
#installp –cgx bos.rte.command
The above command is used to commit the updated fileset.
5. Remove the Committed fileset (It is complete fileset removal not reject)
After commit the fileset, that fileset is moved to permanent installation, we cannot reject, we have to uninstall the fileset only.
Now we will uninstall the committed fileset using:
#installp –ugp Fileset name
#installp –ugp bos.rte.command (For preview)
#installp –ug bos.rte.command (For un installation)
The above command is used to uninstall the committed fileset.
6. Verify the installed fileset (Whether properly installed or not)
After installation we want to verify whether filesets are properly installed are not, using following command
#lppchk –v fileset name
#lppchk –v bos.rte.command
If any problems it will show the error message otherwise no error message, then we will confirm fileset is installed properly.
7. Clear the braked fileset installation:
While installing the filesets, some problem has occurred, i.e. Cd is not reading or space is not available in volume group.
This time half of the fileset only installed in server, so before next installation, we should remove the half installed fileset using
#Installp –C
To clean the brokend fileset installation
8. List the installed fileset
Suppose we want to see what are the filesets available in Server, Using
#lslpp –l
The above command list the all installed fileset
Suppose you want to find particular fileset in server, Using
#lslpp –l | grep Fileset name
The above command is list the specified fileset only, if file set is not available or not installed, it won’t show anything.
9. List the installed fileset content (What are the files available in fileset)
Suppose we want to see bos.rte.command fileset content, using
#lslpp –f fileset name
#lslpp –f bos.rte.command
The above command is display the bos.rte.command file
Basically bos.rte.command fileset has user commands So it will show the /usr/bin/ls,
10. To find the file, which is installed from which fileset.
Using # lslpp –w /usr/bin/ls
The above command shows the bos.rte.command fileset name, because ls command file is extracted from bos.rte.command fileset
#lslpp –w /usr/sbin/savevg
The above shows some other fileset name.
11. To find the command file path:
Using #which ls
The above command is display the given file path i.e. the above command output will be
/usr/bin/ls
Suppose we want to savevg path, using
#which savevg
/usr/sbin/savevg
12. To view the fileset history:
Using #lslpp –h fileset name
#lslpp –h bos.rte.command
The above command output will be full details of fileset.
Fileset version, installed time, date
NOTE:
Whenever we installing the fileset or fix, in that current path should have the .toc (table of content) file. If this file is not available we cannot install any fileset or fix from that current path
If file is not available, we can create the .toc file using command
#inutoc .
The above command is used to create the .toc file
AIX - Boot Process
AIX - Boot Process
Three phases available in BOOT Process
1. Ros kernel init phase
2. Base Device Configuration
3. System boot phase
1. Ros Kernel init phase (PHASE1)
A. Post (power on self test)
In this post it will do basic hardware checking
B. Then it will go to NVRAM and check the boot list for last boot device (hdisk0 or hdisk1).
C. Then it will check the BLV (hd5) in boot device.
D. Then it will check the boot image
E. Then boot image is moved to memory.
F. Then kernel will execute.
2. Base Device configuration (PHASE2)
A. Here cfgmgr will run for device configuration.
3. System Boot Phase (PHASE3)
A. Kernel will execute.
B. The paging space (hd6) will get start.
C. Then following file system will be mounted /, /var. /usr, /home. /tmp
D. Kernel start the init process, it will read the /etc/inittab file and execute the following process.
/etc/rc.boot,
srcmstr
/etc/rc.tcpip
/etc/rc.net
The above network related files /etc/rc.tcpip, /etc/rc.net, used to configure the ip address and routing.
E. Then it will start the system by default run level 2.
NOTE:
Run level 2: It contains all of the terminal process and daemons that are run in the multi user environment. This is default run level.
/etc/inittab file contains four fields, 1. Identifier, 2. Command, 3. Action, 4. Runlevel
Three phases available in BOOT Process
1. Ros kernel init phase
2. Base Device Configuration
3. System boot phase
1. Ros Kernel init phase (PHASE1)
A. Post (power on self test)
In this post it will do basic hardware checking
B. Then it will go to NVRAM and check the boot list for last boot device (hdisk0 or hdisk1).
C. Then it will check the BLV (hd5) in boot device.
D. Then it will check the boot image
E. Then boot image is moved to memory.
F. Then kernel will execute.
2. Base Device configuration (PHASE2)
A. Here cfgmgr will run for device configuration.
3. System Boot Phase (PHASE3)
A. Kernel will execute.
B. The paging space (hd6) will get start.
C. Then following file system will be mounted /, /var. /usr, /home. /tmp
D. Kernel start the init process, it will read the /etc/inittab file and execute the following process.
/etc/rc.boot,
srcmstr
/etc/rc.tcpip
/etc/rc.net
The above network related files /etc/rc.tcpip, /etc/rc.net, used to configure the ip address and routing.
E. Then it will start the system by default run level 2.
NOTE:
Run level 2: It contains all of the terminal process and daemons that are run in the multi user environment. This is default run level.
/etc/inittab file contains four fields, 1. Identifier, 2. Command, 3. Action, 4. Runlevel
AIX Installation Methods
OS INSTALLATION:
Three kinds of OS installations available in AIX
1. New and Complete Overwrite
2. Migration
3. Preservation
1. New and Complete Overwrite:
This is New installation; in this installation we have three options
A. Start installation with default settings
B. Change/show installation settings and install
C. Start maintenance mode for recovery
A. Start installation with default settings
This is normal installation
B. Change/show installation settings and install
In this installation we can change the installation disk (hdisk0, or hdisk1), Desktop options.
C. Start maintenance mode for recovery
This is used for recover the existing OS problems. (Boot image, Boot list, File systems problems).
2. Migration:
In this migration Installation, Operating system Updated from lower level to higher level i.e. Aix 5.1 To Aix 5.3 or Aix 5.2 To Aix 5.3 ,
NOTE:
In this installation System data will not be affected except the /tmp file system. i.e. /tmp file system will be deleted and newly created.
3. Preservation:
This installation is overwriting the existing OS and user data directory /home only persevered, rest of the directories /, /var, /tmp, /etc, /dev, /opt will be deleted and newly created.
NOTE:
In this installation we can preserve additional directories also, suppose if you want preserve /opt, this case u should put /opt file system entry in /etc/preserve.list file.
Three kinds of OS installations available in AIX
1. New and Complete Overwrite
2. Migration
3. Preservation
1. New and Complete Overwrite:
This is New installation; in this installation we have three options
A. Start installation with default settings
B. Change/show installation settings and install
C. Start maintenance mode for recovery
A. Start installation with default settings
This is normal installation
B. Change/show installation settings and install
In this installation we can change the installation disk (hdisk0, or hdisk1), Desktop options.
C. Start maintenance mode for recovery
This is used for recover the existing OS problems. (Boot image, Boot list, File systems problems).
2. Migration:
In this migration Installation, Operating system Updated from lower level to higher level i.e. Aix 5.1 To Aix 5.3 or Aix 5.2 To Aix 5.3 ,
NOTE:
In this installation System data will not be affected except the /tmp file system. i.e. /tmp file system will be deleted and newly created.
3. Preservation:
This installation is overwriting the existing OS and user data directory /home only persevered, rest of the directories /, /var, /tmp, /etc, /dev, /opt will be deleted and newly created.
NOTE:
In this installation we can preserve additional directories also, suppose if you want preserve /opt, this case u should put /opt file system entry in /etc/preserve.list file.
Basic Aix Hardware Information
The AIX Os is installed in IBM P Series or I Series Servers
P Series Servers (32bit and 64 bit Hardware Support)
1. RS6000 P1, P2, P3 ( Very old models)
2. P4 ( Regatta 680, 615, 630, 641, 690(LPAR / DLPAR)
3. P4 +( It will support many no of processors and memory compare than P4)
4. P5 (Squadron P550, P570, P575, P590, P595(Latest)
5. P5 + ( It will support many no of processors and memory compare than P5)
P Series Servers (32bit and 64 bit Hardware Support)
1. RS6000 P1, P2, P3 ( Very old models)
2. P4 ( Regatta 680, 615, 630, 641, 690(LPAR / DLPAR)
3. P4 +( It will support many no of processors and memory compare than P4)
4. P5 (Squadron P550, P570, P575, P590, P595(Latest)
5. P5 + ( It will support many no of processors and memory compare than P5)
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