AIX - Software Management
A fileset is the smallest installable base unit for the AIX operating system (example: bos.perf.pefstat). A package is a group of separately installable filesets that provide a set of related functions (example: bos.perf). A Licensed Program Product (LPP) is a complete software product including all packages associated with that licensed program (example: bos). A bundle is a list of software that can contain filesets, packages, and LPPs that are suited for a particular use (examples: CDE, KDE, GNOME).
Each fileset in a product can be divided into three parts: usr, root, and share. Parceling of a software product is used for diskless and dataless clients. Thus it can be installed on one machine (the server) and then be used remotely by other machines on a network (the clients).
The usr part of a software product can be shared by machines with the same hardware architecture (stored in /usr).
The root part (optional) of a software product cannot be shared by machines. In a client/server environment, these are the files for which there must be a unique copy for each client of a server. Most of the root software is associated with the configuration of the machine or product (stored in the root (/) file tree. The /etc/objrepos directory contains the root part of an installable software product's VPD).
The share part (optional) can be shared among machines, even if they have different hardware architectures.The share part of a product is always packaged in a separately installable package (stored in /usr/share).
The format for a software product level in AIX 5.2 is as follows: versionnumber.releasenumber.modificationlevel.fixlevel
configassist
Displays the Configuration Assistant wizard (graphics display).
install_assist
Starts the Installation Assistant application (ASCII display).
geninstall
A generic software product installer for installp, InstallShield Multi-Platform (ISMP), the Red Hat Package Manager (RPM) installer and Uniform Device Interface (UDI).
geninstall –Ld /dev/cd0 : lists the contents of the CD media.
geninstall -d /tmp/RPM * : installs all RPM packages in the /tmp/RPM directory.
geninstall -d /dev/cd0 R:cdrecord : installs the cdrecord RPM package.
install_wizard
Invokes the Web-based System Manager Install Wizard or the SMIT install menu.
install_wizard -d /dev/cd0 : invokes the Web-based System Manager Install Wizard using an install CD in /dev/cd0.
gencopy
Allows software products of various packaging formats (installp, RPM, ISMP, UDI) to be copied. Wraps to the bffcreate command.
gencopy –Ld /dev/cd0 : lists the contents of the CD media.
gencopy –d /dev/cd0 I:bos.perf R:cdrecord : copies bos.perf and cdrecord images from CD media to the default directory (/usr/sys/inst.images).
installp
Install, update, and perform maintenance tasks on software.
installp -aXYd /dev/cd0 bos.perf : installs (automatically committed) all filesets within bos.perf from /dev/cd0, expands file systems if necessary (-X), and accepts software licenses (-Y).
installp -pad /dev/cd0 X11.Dt : previews installation of X11.Dt from /dev/cd0.
installp -u -V2 X11.Dt : removes fileset X11.Dt with a verbose display of successes, warnings and failures.
installp -ld /dev/cd0 : lists all software products and their separately installable options on /dev/cd0.
installp -cgX all : commits all applied updates and removes the filesets for the previous version.
installp -C : cleans up after a failed installation.
mkinstallp
Creates software packages in installp format.
rpm
Installs, upgrades, queries, and deletes Linux RPM packages and maintains the RPM package database (located in /var/opt/freeware/lib/rpm).
rpm -qa : queries installed RPM packages.
rpm -Uvh * : installs the RPM packages in the current directory.
lslpp
Displays information about installed filesets/fileset updates.
lslpp -l bos.net.nfs.client : displays the maintenance level and state.
lslpp -L all : lists all installed software.
lslpp -L bos.dosutils : check if software installed.
lslpp -f bos.perf : displays the names of all the files of fileset bos.perf.
lslpp -ha : lists installation history of filesets.
lslpp -w /usr/sbin/nfsd : lists the fileset that the file belongs to.
lslpp -E bos.rte : displays the license agreements of the installed filesets.
lslpp -v :shows only the filesets that do not have the required prerequisites or are not completely installed.
inulag
Manages license agreements (front end).
inulag -l : lists all available software license agreements.
epkg
Creates emergency fix (efix) packages that can be installed by the efix manager, emgr.
epkg perf : runs the epkg command in interactive mode and creates efix package perf.
emgr
Starts the emergency fix (efix) manager, which installs, removes, lists, and checks system efixes. The efix manager installs packages created with the epkg command and maintains a database containing efix information. Databases are in the /usr/emgrdata/DBS directory.
emgr -l : lists all efixes on the system.
emgr -X -e perf.040503.epkg.Z : installs efix package perf.040603.epkg.Z and automatically expand file systems if needed.
lppmgr
Manages an existing installp image source.
lppmgr -d /images -u : lists all duplicate and conflicting updates in image source directory /images.
lppmgr -d /images -u -r : removes all duplicate and conflicting updates in image source directory /images.
lppchk
Verifies that files of an installable software product (fileset) match the SWVPD database information for file sizes, checksum values, or symbolic links.
lppchk -v : verifies that all filesets have all required requisites and are completely installed.
lppchk -c X11.Dt : checks that file checksums and sizes of X11.Dt are consistent with SWVPD.
lppchk -l 'bos*' : verifies the symbolic links of all 'bos*' software products.
compare_report
Compares fileset levels to those available and generates a report of filesets needed.
compare_report -s -r /tmp/LatestFixData52 -l : compares the software installed on a system (-s) to the report of available updates (-r) LatestFixData52, available from the support Web site at IBM.
oslevel
Reports the latest installed maintenance level of the system.
oslevel -r : determines the highest recommended maintenance level reached for the current version of AIX.
oslevel -lr 5100-04: lists which fileset updates are missing if after installing ML 04 on 5100-03 the command oslevel -r still shows 5100-03 (so, preferrably no output!).
instfix
Installs filesets associated with keywords or fixes.
instfix -i | grep ML : displays all ML's installed.
instfix -ik "IY39231 IY38794" : checks if fixes IY39231 and IY38794 are installed.
instfix -k IY42424 -d /dev/fd0 : installs fix IY42424 from diskette.
install_all_updates
Updates installed system software to the latest level that is on the media and verifies the current recommended maintenance level.
install_all_updates -d /dev/cd0 : installs all installp updates on /dev/cd0 and verifies the current recommended maintenance level.
install_all_updates -d /images -rc : commit installs all installp updates and installs any installable rpm updates in directory /images.
whence
Displays the absolute path name.
whence nfsd : displays the full path of the nfsd program.
what
Displays identifying information in files.
which_fileset
Displays which fileset owns a command.
The bos.content_list fileset must be installed.
which_fileset topas : displays which fileset owns the topas command.
inutoc
Creates a .toc file.
inutoc : creates the .toc file for the /usr/sys/inst.images directory.
Wednesday, May 20, 2009
AIX - File Management
AIX - File Management
procfiles
procfiles -n `ls /proc` : lists all the process and files they have open.
find
find / -xdev -type f -mtime -1 -ls | sort +6nr | head -n 20 : lists the top-20 largest files in / that where used within the last 24 hours.
procfiles
procfiles -n `ls /proc` : lists all the process and files they have open.
find
find / -xdev -type f -mtime -1 -ls | sort +6nr | head -n 20 : lists the top-20 largest files in / that where used within the last 24 hours.
AIX - Hardware Installation and Configuration Management
AIX - Hardware Installation and Configuration Management
Available hardware platforms: MCA-based uni-processor models (rs6k), MCA-based symmetric multiprocessor models (rs6ksmp), ISA-bus models (rspc), PCI-bus models (CHRP). AIX V5.2 is not supported on MCA and PReP architecture hardware. The "AIX Statement of Direction" gives a complete list of unsupported models.
lscfg
Displays configuration, diagnostic and VPD information about the system.
lscfg -vp : Displays the system model, machine serial, processor type, number of processors, processor clock speed, cpu type, total memory size, network information, filesystem information, paging space information, and devices information.
lscfg | grep proc | wc -l : lists the # of processors.
prtconf or lsconf
Displays system configuration information.
prtconf -s : displays the processor clock speed.
prtconf -k : displays the kernel type in use.
prtconf -m : displays memory.
snap
Gathers system configuration information.
snap -a : gathers system configuration information. The output is written to the /tmp/ibmsupt directory.
uname
Displays the name of the current operating system.
uname -a : displays the machine ID and version banner.
uname -x : displays the operating system in use, the host name, the machine ID number of the hardware, the release number of the operating system, the operating system version and the system model name.
mach
Displays the processor architecture of the machine.
getconf
Displays system configuration variable values.
getconf HARDWARE_BITMODE : displays hardware bit mode (64 or 32 bit).
getconf KERNEL_BITMODE : displays kernel bit mode (64 or 32 bit).
getconf DISK_SIZE /dev/hdisk2 : displays disk size in MB.
getconf REAL_MEMORY : displays real memory size in MB.
cfg2html
A system configuration to HTML converter (Open Source)
file
Determines the file type.
file prog : displays user process bit mode of program prog. Returns:
executable (RISC System/6000) or object module not stripped (32 bit program),
or 64-bit XCOFF executable or object module not stripped (64 bit program).
file /unix : the returned link shows which kernel is running: unix_up = 32-bit uniprocessor kernel, unix_mp = 32-bit multiprocesssor kernel, unix_64 = 64-bit multiprocessor kernel.
cfgmgr
Configures devices by running the programs in /etc/methods directory and optionally installs device software.
cfgmgr : runs the Phase 2 configuration rules (second boot phase for normal boot) (same as using the -s flag).
cfgmgr -v : makes devices available that where not powered on when the system started.
cfgmgr -l scsi1 : configures detected devices attached to the scsi1 adapter.
cfgmgr -i /usr/sys/inst.images : installs device software (using the directory /usr/sys/inst.images) automatically during configuration.
chcons
Redirects the system console to device or file, effective next startup.
chcons -a login=enable /dev/tty0 : changes the system console to device /dev/tty0. Use /dev/lft0 for the default LFT display.
chcons /tmp/console.out : redirects the system console to file /tmp/console.out.
lsdisp
Lists the displays and the default display currently available on the system.
chdisp
Changes the display used by the LFT subsystem.
chdisp -p gda1 : changes the default display permanently to gda1.
lsattr
Displays attribute characteristics and possible values of attributes for devices in the system.
lsattr -EHl sys0l sys0 : displays system attributes (realmem ...)
lsattr -EHl proc0 : displays the state, type and frequency of processor proc0.
lsattr -El rmt0 : lists the current attribute values for the tape device rmt0.
lsattr -El tty0 -a speed : lists the current value of the speed attribute for serial port tty0.
lsdev
Displays devices in the system and their characteristics.
Examples:
lsdev -P -H : lists the Predefined (supported) Devices (in the PdDv object class).
lsdev -C -H : lists the Customized (configured/defined) Devices (in the CuDv object class).
lsdev -C -c disk : lists all the PVs (class disk) in the system along with the status and location code.
listdgrp
Displays devices in a device class.
listdgrp disk : list the devices in the disk class.
getdev
Lists devices that match the specified criteria.
getdev type=proc_rspc : lists all devices of type proc_rspc.
getdgrp
Lists device classes that match the specified criteria.
getdgrp : display all device classes.
chdev
Changes a device's characteristics.
chdev -l hdisk2 -a pv=yes : assigns a PVID to hdisk2.
mkdev
Adds a device to the system.
mkdev -l hdisk2 : make the already defined disk device hdisk2 available to use.
mkdev -l hdisk1 -a pv=yes : makes an available disk a PV (assigning a PVID), if it does not already have one.
mkdev -c tty -t tty -s rs232 -p sa0 -w s1 -a login=enable -a term=ibm3151 : adds an ibm3151 RS232 terminal using adapter sa0 port s1 with login enabled.
rmdev
Removes a device from the system.
rmdev -l tty0 -d : removes the tty0 device definition from the CuDv object class (ODM).
rmdev -l hdisk1 : unconfigures PV hdisk1 and changes its state from available to defined (definition is not removed from the CuDv object class (ODM).
Available hardware platforms: MCA-based uni-processor models (rs6k), MCA-based symmetric multiprocessor models (rs6ksmp), ISA-bus models (rspc), PCI-bus models (CHRP). AIX V5.2 is not supported on MCA and PReP architecture hardware. The "AIX Statement of Direction" gives a complete list of unsupported models.
lscfg
Displays configuration, diagnostic and VPD information about the system.
lscfg -vp : Displays the system model, machine serial, processor type, number of processors, processor clock speed, cpu type, total memory size, network information, filesystem information, paging space information, and devices information.
lscfg | grep proc | wc -l : lists the # of processors.
prtconf or lsconf
Displays system configuration information.
prtconf -s : displays the processor clock speed.
prtconf -k : displays the kernel type in use.
prtconf -m : displays memory.
snap
Gathers system configuration information.
snap -a : gathers system configuration information. The output is written to the /tmp/ibmsupt directory.
uname
Displays the name of the current operating system.
uname -a : displays the machine ID and version banner.
uname -x : displays the operating system in use, the host name, the machine ID number of the hardware, the release number of the operating system, the operating system version and the system model name.
mach
Displays the processor architecture of the machine.
getconf
Displays system configuration variable values.
getconf HARDWARE_BITMODE : displays hardware bit mode (64 or 32 bit).
getconf KERNEL_BITMODE : displays kernel bit mode (64 or 32 bit).
getconf DISK_SIZE /dev/hdisk2 : displays disk size in MB.
getconf REAL_MEMORY : displays real memory size in MB.
cfg2html
A system configuration to HTML converter (Open Source)
file
Determines the file type.
file prog : displays user process bit mode of program prog. Returns:
executable (RISC System/6000) or object module not stripped (32 bit program),
or 64-bit XCOFF executable or object module not stripped (64 bit program).
file /unix : the returned link shows which kernel is running: unix_up = 32-bit uniprocessor kernel, unix_mp = 32-bit multiprocesssor kernel, unix_64 = 64-bit multiprocessor kernel.
cfgmgr
Configures devices by running the programs in /etc/methods directory and optionally installs device software.
cfgmgr : runs the Phase 2 configuration rules (second boot phase for normal boot) (same as using the -s flag).
cfgmgr -v : makes devices available that where not powered on when the system started.
cfgmgr -l scsi1 : configures detected devices attached to the scsi1 adapter.
cfgmgr -i /usr/sys/inst.images : installs device software (using the directory /usr/sys/inst.images) automatically during configuration.
chcons
Redirects the system console to device or file, effective next startup.
chcons -a login=enable /dev/tty0 : changes the system console to device /dev/tty0. Use /dev/lft0 for the default LFT display.
chcons /tmp/console.out : redirects the system console to file /tmp/console.out.
lsdisp
Lists the displays and the default display currently available on the system.
chdisp
Changes the display used by the LFT subsystem.
chdisp -p gda1 : changes the default display permanently to gda1.
lsattr
Displays attribute characteristics and possible values of attributes for devices in the system.
lsattr -EHl sys0l sys0 : displays system attributes (realmem ...)
lsattr -EHl proc0 : displays the state, type and frequency of processor proc0.
lsattr -El rmt0 : lists the current attribute values for the tape device rmt0.
lsattr -El tty0 -a speed : lists the current value of the speed attribute for serial port tty0.
lsdev
Displays devices in the system and their characteristics.
Examples:
lsdev -P -H : lists the Predefined (supported) Devices (in the PdDv object class).
lsdev -C -H : lists the Customized (configured/defined) Devices (in the CuDv object class).
lsdev -C -c disk : lists all the PVs (class disk) in the system along with the status and location code.
listdgrp
Displays devices in a device class.
listdgrp disk : list the devices in the disk class.
getdev
Lists devices that match the specified criteria.
getdev type=proc_rspc : lists all devices of type proc_rspc.
getdgrp
Lists device classes that match the specified criteria.
getdgrp : display all device classes.
chdev
Changes a device's characteristics.
chdev -l hdisk2 -a pv=yes : assigns a PVID to hdisk2.
mkdev
Adds a device to the system.
mkdev -l hdisk2 : make the already defined disk device hdisk2 available to use.
mkdev -l hdisk1 -a pv=yes : makes an available disk a PV (assigning a PVID), if it does not already have one.
mkdev -c tty -t tty -s rs232 -p sa0 -w s1 -a login=enable -a term=ibm3151 : adds an ibm3151 RS232 terminal using adapter sa0 port s1 with login enabled.
rmdev
Removes a device from the system.
rmdev -l tty0 -d : removes the tty0 device definition from the CuDv object class (ODM).
rmdev -l hdisk1 : unconfigures PV hdisk1 and changes its state from available to defined (definition is not removed from the CuDv object class (ODM).
AIX - Problem Determination - Quick View
AIX - Problem Determination - Quick View
sysdumpdev
Changes the primary or secondary dump device designation in a running system. The default primary dump device is LV /dev/hd6 and the default secondary dump device is /dev/sysdumpnull. A dedicated primary dump device LV /dev/lg_dumplv is created (if sufficient disk space is available) in systems with at least 4 Gigabytes of real memory.
sysdumpdev -l : displays current dump device settings.
sysdumpdev -P -p /dev/hd7 : changes the primary dump device permanently from the default to LV /dev/hd7.
sysdumpdev -e : estimates the dump size (in bytes) for the current running system.
sysdumpdev -L : displays statistical information about the last dump.
chdev -l sys0 -a autostart=true : automatically reboot after a crash (default is false).
dumpcheck
Checks the disk resources used by the system dump and logs in the system error log. Run default by cron at 3:00 pm local time each day.
/usr/lib/ras/dumpcheck -p : requests a dumpcheck. The result is printed to stdout (-p).
/usr/lib/ras/dumpcheck -r : discontinues running dumpcheck (removes the crontab entry).
kdb
Displays system images for examining a dump.
kdb /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0 /unix : starts kdb using the uncompressed dump file /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0 and kernel file /unix.
snap
Gathers system configuration information and compresses the information into a pax file.
snap -a -o /dev/rmt0 : gathers all system configuration information (needs approximately 8 MB space in directory /tmp/ibmsupt) and creates a compressed pax image (snap.pax.Z) of directory /tmp/ibmsupt.
snapcore
Gathers the core file, program, and libraries used by a program to directory /tmp/snapcore (default) and compresses the information into a pax image. The collected information allows debugging and resolving problems within an application.
snapcore -d /tmp/snapcore2 core.xx : gathers all needed information for core dump file core.xx and writes it to directory /tmp/snapcore2/snapcore_32811.pax.Z, where 32811 is the process id ($pid) of the snapcore command.
uncompress -c snapcore_32811.pax.Z | pax : displays the contents of the pax archive.
check_core
Used by snapcore to gather all information about a core dump. The bos.rte.serv_aid fileset must be installed.
/usr/lib/ras/check_core core.xx : displays a list containing the program that caused core dump core.xx and the used libraries.
shconf
Manages the system hang detection parameters for the system hang daemon shdaemon.
shconf -d : displays if priority problem detection and lost I/O detection are enabled or not.
shconf -E -l prio -H : displays the current shdaemon settings.
sysdumpdev
Changes the primary or secondary dump device designation in a running system. The default primary dump device is LV /dev/hd6 and the default secondary dump device is /dev/sysdumpnull. A dedicated primary dump device LV /dev/lg_dumplv is created (if sufficient disk space is available) in systems with at least 4 Gigabytes of real memory.
sysdumpdev -l : displays current dump device settings.
sysdumpdev -P -p /dev/hd7 : changes the primary dump device permanently from the default to LV /dev/hd7.
sysdumpdev -e : estimates the dump size (in bytes) for the current running system.
sysdumpdev -L : displays statistical information about the last dump.
chdev -l sys0 -a autostart=true : automatically reboot after a crash (default is false).
dumpcheck
Checks the disk resources used by the system dump and logs in the system error log. Run default by cron at 3:00 pm local time each day.
/usr/lib/ras/dumpcheck -p : requests a dumpcheck. The result is printed to stdout (-p).
/usr/lib/ras/dumpcheck -r : discontinues running dumpcheck (removes the crontab entry).
kdb
Displays system images for examining a dump.
kdb /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0 /unix : starts kdb using the uncompressed dump file /var/adm/ras/vmcore.0 and kernel file /unix.
snap
Gathers system configuration information and compresses the information into a pax file.
snap -a -o /dev/rmt0 : gathers all system configuration information (needs approximately 8 MB space in directory /tmp/ibmsupt) and creates a compressed pax image (snap.pax.Z) of directory /tmp/ibmsupt.
snapcore
Gathers the core file, program, and libraries used by a program to directory /tmp/snapcore (default) and compresses the information into a pax image. The collected information allows debugging and resolving problems within an application.
snapcore -d /tmp/snapcore2 core.xx : gathers all needed information for core dump file core.xx and writes it to directory /tmp/snapcore2/snapcore_32811.pax.Z, where 32811 is the process id ($pid) of the snapcore command.
uncompress -c snapcore_32811.pax.Z | pax : displays the contents of the pax archive.
check_core
Used by snapcore to gather all information about a core dump. The bos.rte.serv_aid fileset must be installed.
/usr/lib/ras/check_core core.xx : displays a list containing the program that caused core dump core.xx and the used libraries.
shconf
Manages the system hang detection parameters for the system hang daemon shdaemon.
shconf -d : displays if priority problem detection and lost I/O detection are enabled or not.
shconf -E -l prio -H : displays the current shdaemon settings.
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